Oracle Database 11g R2_x64 installation on OEL5_x64

Overview:

This article is a comprehensive guide for the installation of Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.1.0) x64 on the Oracle Enterprise Linux 5 (OEL5) x64 Operating System Environment.

Please do keep in mind that this article should not be considered a substitution of the official installation guide and release note from Oracle (http://www.oracle.com). The below mentioned link can be used to download the official installation guide for Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.1.0) x64 on Linux x64 Operating Environment.

http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e24321/toc.htm

Objective of the Article:

By the time we finish this article, we should be able to understand the following:

(1)Installation of oracle database (11.2.0.1.0) x64 on Oracle Enterprise Linux 5 (OEL5) x64.

(2)Configuration of Oracle Net listener(http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E11882_01/network.112/e10836/listenercfg.htm

(3)Creation & configuration of general-purpose Oracle11g (11.2.0.1.0) database that makes use of the local file system for physical database file storage (control files, data files, flash recovery area, online redo log files).

Installation of OEL5 x64:

Install Oracle Enterprise Linux 5 x64 on your machine.

For More information about OEL5 installation visit the below site::

http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E19477-01/820-5828-13/chap_oel.html

Download Oracle Database Software:

We first have to download the required Oracle Database software packages from the Oracle Technology Network (OTN) or Oracle Edelivery Site and then extract the Oracle Database Software packages.

Download the Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.1.0) Software for Linux x64 Operating System Environment.

Link for downloading oracle Database Software Package:: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/index.html

Hardware Requirements Check:

Note:Login to the system as a root user for performing the below activities.

Memory Requirements:

Minimum:1 GB of RAM

To determine the RAM size, enter the following command:

[root@dg1 ~]# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo

Note:If the size of the RAM is less than the required size, then you must install more memory before continuing.

Available RAM	SWAP Space Requirement
Between 1 GB and 2 GB	1.5 times the size of the RAM
Between 2 GB and 16 GB	Equal to the size of the RAM
More than 16 GB	16 GB

To determine the size of the configured swap space, enter the following command:

[root@dg1 ~]# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo

Note:If there is a need of increasing swap space, see O/S documentation for increasing the swap space.

Disk Space Requirements:

At least 1 GB of free disk space should be available in the /tmp directory.

To determine the amount of disk space available in the /tmp directory, enter the following command:

[root@dg1 ~]# df -h /tmp

If there is less than 1 GB of free disk space available in the /tmp directory, then do one of the below mentioned steps:

Ξ Delete unnecessary files from the tmp directory.

Ξ Increase the size of tmp directory as follows (Extend the file system that contains the /tmp directory):

[root@dg1 ~]# vim /etc/fstab 

To determine the amount of free disk space on the system, enter the following command:

Installation Type	Minimum Requirement for Software Files (GB)
Enterprise Edition	4.35
Standard Edition	4.22
Installation Type	Minimum Requirement for Data Files (GB)
Enterprise Edition	1.7
Standard Edition	1.5

[root@dg1 ~]# df -h

If your diskspace is not enough, please contact administrator for increasing the disk space.

Package Requirements Check:

After the installation of OEL5_x64, the next task is to install all packages required by Oracle Database 11g R2 x64. During the installation process the Oracle Universal Installer performs prerequisites checks before the actual installation of database. For ensuring that these prerequisite checks complete successfully, ensure that all the packages listed below are installed properly.The following are the list of packages required for Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) x64 on OEL5 x64:

• binutils-2.17.50.0.6
• compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3
• compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3 (32 bit)
• elfutils-libelf-0.125
• elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125
• gcc-4.1.2
• gcc-c++-4.1.2
• glibc-2.5-24
• glibc-2.5-24 (32 bit)
• glibc-common-2.5
• glibc-devel-2.5
• glibc-devel-2.5 (32 bit)
• glibc-headers-2.5
• ksh-20060214
• libaio-0.3.106
• libaio-0.3.106 (32 bit)
• libaio-devel-0.3.106
• libaio-devel-0.3.106 (32 bit)
• libgcc-4.1.2
• libgcc-4.1.2 (32 bit)
• libstdc++-4.1.2
• libstdc++-4.1.2 (32 bit)
• libstdc++-devel 4.1.2
• make-3.81
• sysstat-7.0.2

The packages listed above can be found on the installer disc/image of Oracle Enterprise Linux 5 x64 or can be downloaded from the vendor's website.

To determine whether the required packages are installed, enter commands similar to the following:

[root@dg1 ~]# rpm -q package_name

e.g:  [root@dg1 ~]# rpm –q binutils-2.17.50.0.6

if the package is not installed then install the package as mentioned below:

[root@dg1 ~]# rpm -ivh package_name 

Creation of Required O/S Users and Groups:

The following local operating system user and groups are required for oracle database installation:

• Oracle Inventory Group -- oinstall
• OSBDA Group -- dba
• Oracle Software Owner User -- Oracle

Check whether the groups/user exists , if doesn't exist plese create them. Follow the below mentioned steps...

1. To determine whether oinstall group exists, type the following command:
   [root@dg1 ~]# more /etc/oraInst.loc
   If the output shows oinstall group then the group exists and need not to be created.
   .
2. To determine whether dba group exists, type the following command:
   [root@dg1 ~]#grep dba /etc/group
   If the output shows dba group then the group exists and need not to be created.
   .
3. To determine whether oracle user exists, type the following command:
   [root@dg1 ~]#id oracle
   If the output shows oracle user then the user exists and need not to be created.
   The output should be similar to following, indicating "oinstall" as primary and "dba" as secondary group.
   uid=500(oracle) gid=500(oinstall) groups=501(dba).
   If the primary group is not "oinstall" and the user "oracle" is not the member of "dba" group then we have to modify the user "oracle" as mentioned below::
   [root@dg1 ~]#usermod -g oinstall -G dba oracle
   .
4. If the user or the required groups doesn't exist then create them as mentioned below:
   [root@dg1 ~]# groupadd oinstall
   [root@dg1 ~]# groupadd dba
   [root@dg1 ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
   Now check the status of "oracle" user.
   [root@dg1 ~]# id oracle
   The output should be similar to following, indicating "oinstall" as primary and "dba" as secondary group.
   uid=500(oracle) gid=500(oinstall) groups=501(dba).
   Nw set the password of "oracle" user.
   [root@dg1 ~]# passwd oracle
   and input a password for "oracle" user.

Verify That the User nobody Exists:
Before installtion of oracle software, complete the following steps to verify that the user nobody exists on the system:
To determine if the user exists, enter the following command:
[root@dg1 ~]# id nobody
If this command displays information about the nobody user, then you do not have to create that user.
If the user nobody does not exist, then enter the following command to create it:
[root@dg1 ~]# useradd nobody

 Configuration of Kernel Parameters:

Verify that the kernel parameters shown in the following table are set to values greater than or equal to the minimum value shown.

Using any text editor, edit the /etc/sysctl.conf file, and add or edit lines similar to the following:

fs.aio-max-nr	1048576
fs.file-max	6815744
kernel.shmall	2097152
kernel.shmmax	536870912
kernel.shmmni	4096
kernel.sem	250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range	9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default	262144
net.core.rmem_max	4194304
net.core.wmem_default	262144
net.core.wmem_max	1048586

As shown in the below screenshot.
[root@dg1 ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf

After adding the above lines to the /etc/sysctl.conf file, they persist each time the system reboots. If you would like to make these kernel parameter value changes to the current system without having to first reboot, enter the following command:

[root@dg1 ~]# sysctl -p

To improve the performance on Linux systems, Oracle recommends us to increase the shell limits for the oracle software owner user "oracle".

Update the resource limits in the /etc/security/limits.conf configuration file for the installation owner.

----------------------------

oracle  soft  nproc  2047

oracle  hard  nproc  16384

oracle  soft  nofile  1024

oracle  hard  nofile  65536

oracle  soft  stack  10240

----------------------------

[root@dg1 ~]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf

Creation of Required Directories:

The next step is to create a new directory that will be used to store the Oracle Database software, oracle database datafiles and flash recovery area.

After the directory is created, we must then specify the correct owner, group, and permissions for it.

For example:

[root@dg1 ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/
[root@dg1 ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/
[root@dg1 ~]# chmod -R 775 /u01/

Configuring the oracle User’s Environment:

Set the default file mode creation mask (umask) to 022 for "oracle" user. For setting so, do the following:

[root@dg1 ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@dg1 ~]$ vim ~/.bash_profile

Add a line as written below and save the file.

umask 022

N.B:Before starting the Oracle Universal Installer, we should first verify that the server from where we are doing the installation, have X server installed on it. For verification we can type "xclok" in the terminal, it will show a clock.

Before starting the installation we have to run the xhost + command as root from the console to allow X Server connections.

[root@dg1 ~]# xhost +

Installation of Oracle Database:

After configuring the oracle user’s environment, start Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) and install Oracle Database as follows:

[root@dg1 ~]# su - oracle

Go to the directory where our installation software is copied and type "./runInstaller" , then your installation will begin:

[oracle@dg1 ~]$cd /oracle_soft/
[oracle@dg1 ~]$ ./runInstaller

Set Oracle User Profile:
Open the profile file and add the below mentioned lines:

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

[oracle@dg1 ~]$ vim ~/.bash_profile
Or use any editor of your choice, to edit the profile of "Oracle" user.

Listener Creation:

Open command prompt(terminal) & type “netca”

Database Creation:

Open command prompt and type dbca,

For the screenshots: http://www.sensehaze.com/index.php/oracle-database/85-database-installation/86-11gr2-installation-oel5-64bit